HJAR May/Jun 2024

46 MAY / JUN 2024 I  HEALTHCARE JOURNAL OF ARKANSAS ORAL HEALTH the tasks that AI can perform and the conditions under whichAI can achieve this task. Humans should supervise the AI upstream, and downstream accountability remains with the human user. 5.“Ensuring inclusiveness and equity: AI for health should ensure the widest pos- sible appropriate, equitable use and ac- cess, irrespective of age, sex, gender, in- come, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability, or other characteristics protected under human rights codes. 6.“Promoting responsive and sustainable AI: Responsiveness requires adequate continuous, systematic, and transparent monitoring of AI technologies during their real-life use. The environmental impact of AI should be carefully and comprehensively assessed, including the data generation, training, implemen- tation, inference, and maintenance as- sociated with the AI application, and should be transparently communicated to the involved stakeholders. Sustain- ability also requires governments and companies to anticipate and address the disruptions caused by the implemen- tation of AI technologies, for example their impact on users and recipients, the healthcare process, or wider poli- cies needed to be implemented along- side an AI.” One thing is for sure —AI utilization cannot compete with human interaction. Nor can it take the place of clinical experience, an em- pathizing nature, or personal communication between a doctor and patient. AI can be uti- lized in clinical care but does not represent or equate to clinical care. Lastly, it cannot solve problems or make final decisions, as those functions require people. n REFERENCES 1 Copeland, B.J. “Alan Turing and the beginning of AI Theoretical work.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Ac- cessed March 2024. https://www.britannica.com/ technology/artificial-intelligence/Alan-Turing- and-the-beginning-of-AI 2 Anyoha, R. “The History of Artificial Intelligence.” Harvard Kenneth C. 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Acta Stomatolica (Croatia) 57, no. 1 (March 2023): 70-84. doi: 10.15644/asc57/1/8 20 Ayad, N.; Schwendicke, F.; Krois, J.; et al. Pa- tients’ perspectives on the use of artificial intel- ligence in dentistry: a regional survey. Head & Face Medicine 19, no. 1 (June 22, 2023): 23. doi: 10.1186/ s13005-023-00368-z 21 Thurzo, A.; Strunga, M.; Urban, R.; et al. “Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Dental Education: A Review and Guide for Curriculum Update.” Educa- tion Sciences 13, no. 2 (Jan. 31, 2023). https://doi. org/10.3390/educsci13020150 22 Schwendicke, F.; Blatz, M.; Uribe, S.; et al. “Ar- tificial Intelligence for dentistry.” FDI World Dental Federation, White Paper, Jan. 23, 2023. https://www.fdiworlddental.org/sites/default/ files/2023-01/FDI%20ARTIFICIAL%20INTEL- L I GENCE%2 0WORK I NG%2 0GROUP%2 0 WHITE%20PAPER_0.pdf “A huge edge that AI technology has compared to humans is that an enormous amount of data can be assessed extremely fast — as in seconds.”