HJAR Sep/Oct 2019

HEALTHCARE JOURNAL OF ARKANSAS I  SEP / OCT 2019 65 No doubt about it: we are outnumbered. There are, says Win- egard, more than 100 trillion mosquitoes in the world at any given moment, in every cran- ny of the planet, “save Antarctica, Iceland, the Seychelles, and a hand- ful of French Polynesian micro-islands.” For us, that’s a really bad num- ber: just since the turn of this century, the diseases that mosquitoes carry have caused some two million people to die. And we can’t domuch about it. Neither could the dinosaurs, who were on the mosquitomenumillions of years ago. When dinos died by asteroid, mosquitoes merely switched dishes, thereby surviving “to inject death and disease into humanity throughout our history” and to become the number one killer of humans. Humans were aware of mosquito-borne diseases at least 5,200 years ago, though they didn’t know that mosquitoes were at fault. Sumerians wrote about malaria, and blamed it on gods; scholars say that the Bible alludes tomalaria-as-plague. Greek soldiers were repeatedly laid-low by “some form of hemorrhagic fever” spread by mosquitoes, and monsoon rains helped mosquitoes kill 1,500 people during the First Crusade. Winegard says that one of Colum- bus’s men likely was “person zero” in bringing malaria to the New World, causing “genocide by germs” within groups of indigenous people. In 1647, a Dutch slave ship fromWest Africa brought yel- low fever to Barbados. Malaria alone, he says, “takes a life every thirty seconds” although mos- quito-borne diseases aren’t the killers they once were. During the Civil War, mosquitoes played a part in the war itself but also in civilian life, alone causing thou- sands of deaths and mil- lions of dollars in eco- nomic damage. Not until after the war did scientists recognized the culprit… According to author Timothy C. Winegard, mosquitoes exist specifically to torment you. They serve no other purpose; not as food, not to pollinate, they’re not even pretty to look at. They’re here to bite and reproduce, and if that isn’t enough to make you scratch, then slap your hands on “The Mosquito” and learn more. Unable to extricate human history from that of the insect, Win- egard embraces the connection in this book by following a basic timeline of death and destruction throughout the eons. This is hard history – we learn or are reminded of battles, travels, and worst- laid plans of men – but it’s also a story filled with wonder that a creature so small can wreak havoc on beings so big. You almost have to respect that, despite your natural loathing for the critters. Certainly, history buffs and science lovers will enjoy this book but it’s also a heavier-duty, gee-whiz tale that’s totally absorbing. If you’re ready to learn, look for “The Mosquito.” You know the drill…. n “IT’S A STORY FILLED WITH WONDER THAT A CREATURE SO SMALL CAN WREAK HAVOC ON BEINGS SO BIG.”